****************************************************************************
****************************************************************************
***********RESEARCH PROJECT: OFFSHORING AND IMMIGRATION*********************
****************************************************************************
***************************AUTHORS:*****************************************
************** Will O., Dario P., ******************************************
****************************************************************************



local stdate $S_DATE
local sttime $S_TIME

clear

capture log close



cd "G:\data\workdata\707562\DARIO"

global prgrms "DO\"
global logs "LOG\"
global data "DATA\"
global tables "TABLE\"
global graph "GRAPH\"

set mem 5g

set matsize 800

set more off


********************************NON-EU INSTRUMENT*********************************************************

use ${data}idapall_eer_1990.dta, clear

drop skill2 skill3

sort hfaudd

merge hfaudd using ${data}udd.dta
drop _merge

gen edu=substr(hffsp,1,2)
destring edu, replace

gen skill1=(edu==20 | edu==25 | edu==35| edu==40)
gen skill2=(edu==50 | edu==60 | edu==65 | edu==70)
gen skill3=1 if skill1==0 & skill2==0
replace skill3=1 if edu==.

****keep a plausible age range
keep if age>16 & age<67

rename opr_land ieland
rename ie_type  ietype

keep  cvrnr  age  pnr year  ieland ietype akom skill3 skill2 skill1 pstill
bysort pnr year: gen id=_n
keep if id==1


destring akom, replace

recode akom (171=240) (181=230) (189=190) (205=230) (207=190) (208=210) (209=250) (211=260) (213=270) (215=270) (221=260) (225=250) /*
*/ (227=210)  (229=250) (231=219)  (235=240) (237=240) (251=350) (255=265) (257=350) (261=350) /*
*/ (263=265) (267=259) (271=336) (301=326) (303=340) (305=306) (307=370) (309=326) (311=330) (313=320) (315=316) (317=326) (319=326) /*
*/ (321=316) (323=326) (325=330) (327=306) (331=330) (333=330) (335=340) (337=340) (339=316)  (341=316) (343=306) /*
*/ (345=316) (351=320) (353=370) (355=360) (357=370) (359=360) (361=390) (363=360) (365=390) (367=360) (369=376) /*
*/ (371=376) (373=370) (375=376) (377=390) (379=360) (381=360) (383=360) (385=320) (387=376) (389=336) (391=376) (393=370) (395=376) /*
*/ (397=390) (401=400) (403=400) (405=400) (407=400) (409=400) (421=420) (423=480) (425=430) (427=479) (429=410) (431=430) (433=420) (435=479) (433=420) (435=479) (437=420) (439=440) /*
*/ (441=440) (443=492) (445=410) (447=440) (449=450) (451=410) (471=480) (473=430) (475=482) (477=430) (481=482) (483=480) (485=420) /*
*/ (487=482) (489=450) (491=420) (493=492) (495=450) (497=430) (499=420) (501=540) (503=580) (505=550) (507=540)  /*
*/ (511=510) (513=540) (515=510)  (517=550) (519=580) (521=550) (523=540) (527=575) (529=580) /*
*/ (531=550) (533=540) (535=540) (537=540) (539=580) (541=550) (543=510) (545=580) (551=530) (553=573) (555=573) (557=561) (559=575) (565=530) /*
*/ (567=561) (567=573) (569=575) (571=561) (577=573)  (603=630)  (609=615) (611=630) (613=766) (617=630) /*
*/ (619=766) (623=621) (625=756)  (629=621) (631=630) (651=657) (653=756) (655=760) (657=760) (659=760) (663=756) (667=760) (669=760) /*
*/ (673=665) (675=671) (677=657) (679=661) (681=760) (683=661) (685=657) (701=706) (703=746) (705=740) (709=710) (711=710) (713=710) (715=746) /*
*/  (721=706) (723=730) (725=707) (729=730) (731=730) (733=706) (735=707) (737=746) (739=706) (743=740) /*
*/ (745=746)  (749=740) (761=791) (763=791) (765=787) (767=710) (769=791) (771=740) (775=791) (777=779) (781=779) /*
*/ (783=779) (785=787)  (789=791)  (801=846) (803=849) (805=810) (807=810) (809=820) (811=849) (815=846) (817=851) /*
*/ (819=860) (821=860) (823=846) (827=820) (829=860) (831=851)  (835=849) (837=851) (839=860)  (841=813) (843=840) (845=840) (847=813) /*
*/ (861=820) if year<2006

**** 11 old municipalities (233, 509, 525, 601, 605, 627, 717, 719, 747, 793, 833)
***** were split into more municipalities: recode by exploiting the fact that dataset firm contains from 1998 on both the old and the new municipality kode, named
*****respectively GF_KOM_KODE and GF_KOM_KODE_2

destring cvrnr, replace
sort cvrnr year 
merge cvrnr year using ${data}akom2.dta 
drop _merge

bysort cvrnr: egen kom_ny=min( GF_KOM_KODE_2)

replace akom=kom_ny if (akom==233 | akom== 509 | akom==525 | akom==601 | akom== 605 | akom==627 | akom==717 | akom== 719 | akom==747 | akom==793 | akom== 833)


recode akom (147=101)


***drop those firms for which the municipality code cannot be identified

drop if akom==.

*****real values of offshoring

destring ieland, replace

bysort akom: gen P_m88=_N

bysort ieland: gen F_c88=_N 
bysort ieland akom: gen F_cm88=_N  
replace  F_cm88=. if ietype=="1" | (ieland==5126 | ieland==5130 | ieland==5180 | ieland==5134 | ieland==5142 | ieland==5150 | ieland==5108 | ieland==5140 | /*
*/ ieland==5156 | ieland==5164 | ieland==5170  | ieland==5182 | ieland==5104 | ieland==5120 )



gen s_cm88=F_cm88/F_c88
replace  s_cm88=0 if  s_cm88==.

collapse s_cm88 P_m88, by(akom ieland)

sort  akom ieland

save ${data}share_1990_no_eu_off.dta, replace



use ${data}idapall3a.dta, clear

sort pnr year

merge pnr year using ${data}ie_type.dta

keep if _merge==3

drop _merge

rename opr_land ieland

rename ie_type  ietype


****keep a plausible age range
keep if age>16 & age<67

sort hfaudd

merge hfaudd using ${data}udd.dta
drop _merge

gen edu=substr(hffsp,1,2)
destring edu, replace

gen skill1=(edu==20 | edu==25 | edu==35| edu==40)
gen skill2=(edu==50 | edu==60 | edu==65 | edu==70)
gen skill3=1 if skill1==0 & skill2==0
replace skill3=1 if edu==.


keep  akom cvrnr year ieland ietype skill1 skill2 skill3 


destring akom, replace

recode akom (171=240) (181=230) (189=190) (205=230) (207=190) (208=210) (209=250) (211=260) (213=270) (215=270) (221=260) (225=250) /*
*/ (227=210)  (229=250) (231=219)  (235=240) (237=240) (251=350) (255=265) (257=350) (261=350) /*
*/ (263=265) (267=259) (271=336) (301=326) (303=340) (305=306) (307=370) (309=326) (311=330) (313=320) (315=316) (317=326) (319=326) /*
*/ (321=316) (323=326) (325=330) (327=306) (331=330) (333=330) (335=340) (337=340) (339=316)  (341=316) (343=306) /*
*/ (345=316) (351=320) (353=370) (355=360) (357=370) (359=360) (361=390) (363=360) (365=390) (367=360) (369=376) /*
*/ (371=376) (373=370) (375=376) (377=390) (379=360) (381=360) (383=360) (385=320) (387=376) (389=336) (391=376) (393=370) (395=376) /*
*/ (397=390) (401=400) (403=400) (405=400) (407=400) (409=400) (421=420) (423=480) (425=430) (427=479) (429=410) (431=430) (433=420) (435=479) (433=420) (435=479) (437=420) (439=440) /*
*/ (441=440) (443=492) (445=410) (447=440) (449=450) (451=410) (471=480) (473=430) (475=482) (477=430) (481=482) (483=480) (485=420) /*
*/ (487=482) (489=450) (491=420) (493=492) (495=450) (497=430) (499=420) (501=540) (503=580) (505=550) (507=540)  /*
*/ (511=510) (513=540) (515=510)  (517=550) (519=580) (521=550) (523=540) (527=575) (529=580) /*
*/ (531=550) (533=540) (535=540) (537=540) (539=580) (541=550) (543=510) (545=580) (551=530) (553=573) (555=573) (557=561) (559=575) (565=530) /*
*/ (567=561) (567=573) (569=575) (571=561) (577=573)  (603=630)  (609=615) (611=630) (613=766) (617=630) /*
*/ (619=766) (623=621) (625=756)  (629=621) (631=630) (651=657) (653=756) (655=760) (657=760) (659=760) (663=756) (667=760) (669=760) /*
*/ (673=665) (675=671) (677=657) (679=661) (681=760) (683=661) (685=657) (701=706) (703=746) (705=740) (709=710) (711=710) (713=710) (715=746) /*
*/  (721=706) (723=730) (725=707) (729=730) (731=730) (733=706) (735=707) (737=746) (739=706) (743=740) /*
*/ (745=746)  (749=740) (761=791) (763=791) (765=787) (767=710) (769=791) (771=740) (775=791) (777=779) (781=779) /*
*/ (783=779) (785=787)  (789=791)  (801=846) (803=849) (805=810) (807=810) (809=820) (811=849) (815=846) (817=851) /*
*/ (819=860) (821=860) (823=846) (827=820) (829=860) (831=851)  (835=849) (837=851) (839=860)  (841=813) (843=840) (845=840) (847=813) /*
*/ (861=820) if year<2006

**** 11 old municipalities (233, 509, 525, 601, 605, 627, 717, 719, 747, 793, 833)
***** were split into more municipalities: recode by exploiting the fact that dataset firm contains from 1998 on both the old and the new municipality kode, named
*****respectively GF_KOM_KODE and GF_KOM_KODE_2

destring cvrnr, replace
sort cvrnr year 
merge cvrnr year using ${data}akom2.dta 
drop _merge

bysort cvrnr: egen kom_ny=min( GF_KOM_KODE_2)

replace akom=kom_ny if (akom==233 | akom== 509 | akom==525 | akom==601 | akom== 605 | akom==627 | akom==717 | akom== 719 | akom==747 | akom==793 | akom== 833)


recode akom (147=101)


***drop those firms for which the municipality code cannot be identified

drop if akom==.


destring ieland, replace


bysort ieland year: gen F_ct=_N 



destring ieland, replace

replace  F_ct=. if  ietype=="1" | (ieland==5126 | ieland==5130 | ieland==5180 | ieland==5134 | ieland==5142 | ieland==5150 | ieland==5108 | ieland==5140 | /*
*/ ieland==5156 | ieland==5164 | ieland==5170  | ieland==5182 | ieland==5104 | ieland==5120 ) 
 
preserve

gen foreigner=0
replace foreigner=1 if ietype!="1" 
replace foreigner=0 if (ieland==5126 | ieland==5130 | ieland==5180 | ieland==5134 | ieland==5142 | ieland==5150 | ieland==5108 | ieland==5140 | /*
*/ ieland==5156 | ieland==5164 | ieland==5170  | ieland==5182 | ieland==5104 | ieland==5120)

bysort cvrnr year: gen tot_emp=_N
bysort cvrnr year: egen tot_for=total(foreigner)
 
gen for_firm=tot_for/tot_emp

sum for_firm

keep for_firm cvrnr year

sort cvrnr year

save ${data}for_firm_new.dta, replace

restore

collapse F_ct, by(ieland akom year)



sort  akom ieland

merge  akom ieland using ${data}share_1990_no_eu_off.dta

keep if _merge==3

drop if year==2012

drop _merge

gen F_hat_cmt=s_cm88*F_ct


bysort akom year: egen F_hat_no_eu=total(F_hat_cmt)
replace  F_hat_no_eu=0 if F_hat_no_eu==.
gen s_hat=F_hat_no_eu/P_m88

preserve

collapse F_hat_no_eu, by(akom year)

sort akom year

save ${data}iv_off_count.dta, replace

restore

preserve
gen s_hat_alt=(F_hat_no_eu-F_hat_cmt)/P_m88

collapse s_hat_alt, by(akom ieland year)


gen land2=.

destring ieland, replace

tostring land2, replace

replace land2="GL"  if ieland==5101 
replace land2="FI"  if ieland==5104
replace land2="IS"  if ieland==5105
replace land2="IS"  if ieland==5106
replace land2="CH"  if ieland==5107 
replace land2="BE" if ieland==5108
replace land2="FR" if ieland==5109
replace land2="NO"  if ieland==5110 
replace land2="SE"  if ieland==5120 
replace land2="AL"  if ieland==5122 
replace land2="AD"  if ieland==5124
replace land2="BE" if ieland==5126 
replace land2="BG"  if ieland==5128 
replace land2="CZ"  if ieland==5129
replace land2="FR" if ieland==5130 
replace land2="GR" if ieland==5134
replace land2="NL" if ieland==5140 
replace land2="IE"  if ieland==5142
replace land2="IT" if ieland==5150 
replace land2="XS" if ieland==5151
replace land2="XS"  if ieland==5152
replace land2="MT"  if ieland==5153 
replace land2="PL"  if ieland==5154 
replace land2="PT"  if ieland==5156 
replace land2="RO"  if ieland==5158
replace land2="IT"  if ieland==5159 
replace land2="CH"  if ieland==5160
replace land2="RU"  if ieland==5162 
replace land2="ES"  if ieland==5164 
replace land2="GB"  if ieland==5170 
replace land2="TR"  if ieland==5172 
replace land2="HU"  if ieland==5174  
replace land2="IT"  if ieland==5176
replace land2="DE"  if ieland==5180 
replace land2="AT"  if ieland==5182 
replace land2="DZ"  if ieland==5202 
replace land2="AO"  if ieland==5204 
replace land2="AO"  if ieland==5207 
replace land2="BI"  if ieland==5213 
replace land2="ET"  if ieland==5214 
replace land2="KM"  if ieland==5215 
replace land2="ER"  if ieland==5216 
replace land2="GM" if ieland==5222 
replace land2="GH" if ieland==5228 
replace land2="CQ" if ieland==5230  
replace land2="GW"  if ieland==5231 
replace land2="GN"  if ieland==5232  
replace land2="CV"  if ieland==5233  
replace land2="KE"  if ieland==5234
replace land2="LS"  if ieland==5235  
replace land2="LR"  if ieland==5236
replace land2="LY"  if ieland==5238  
replace land2="MZ"  if ieland==5240 
replace land2="MG"  if ieland==5242 
replace land2="ML"  if ieland==5243 
replace land2="MA"  if ieland==5244 
replace land2="MU"  if ieland==5245 
replace land2="NG"  if ieland==5246 
replace land2="NA"  if ieland==5247 
replace land2="MH" if ieland==5248  
replace land2="SL" if ieland==5255 
replace land2="SD" if ieland==5258  
replace land2="SZ" if ieland==5259 
replace land2="ZA" if ieland==5262  
replace land2="TZ"  if ieland==5266  
replace land2="TN" if ieland==5268 
replace land2="UG" if ieland==5269
replace land2="EG" if ieland==5272 
replace land2="TV" if ieland==5273 
replace land2="KI" if ieland==5274  
replace land2="VU" if ieland==5275  
replace land2="CF" if ieland==5276 
replace land2="CM" if ieland==5277  
replace land2="CG" if ieland==5278  
replace land2="CG" if ieland==5279 
replace land2="BJ" if ieland==5281  
replace land2="CI" if ieland==5282 
replace land2="GA" if ieland==5283  
replace land2="MR" if ieland==5284 
replace land2="NE" if ieland==5285 
replace land2="RW" if ieland==5287  
replace land2="SN" if ieland==5288  
replace land2="SO" if ieland==5289  
replace land2="TD" if ieland==5292   
replace land2="TG" if ieland==5293  
replace land2="BF" if ieland==5294 
replace land2="ZW" if ieland==5295  
replace land2="ZM" if ieland==5296  
replace land2="MW" if ieland==5297 
replace land2="SC" if ieland==5298 
replace land2="AR" if ieland==5302 
replace land2="BS" if ieland==5303  
replace land2="BO" if ieland==5304  
replace land2="BB" if ieland==5305  
replace land2="BR" if ieland==5306  
replace land2="GF" if ieland==5308  
replace land2="AG" if ieland==5309 
replace land2="NR" if ieland==5310 
replace land2="VC" if ieland==5311  
replace land2="CA" if ieland==5314  
replace land2="CL" if ieland==5316  
replace land2="CO" if ieland==5318 
replace land2="CR" if ieland==5322 
replace land2="CU" if ieland==5324  
replace land2="DO" if ieland==5326 
replace land2="EC" if ieland==5328  
replace land2="GT" if ieland==5338 
replace land2="GD" if ieland==5339  
replace land2="HT" if ieland==5342  
replace land2="SR" if ieland==5344  
replace land2="DM" if ieland==5345  
replace land2="LC" if ieland==5347  
replace land2="HN" if ieland==5348  
replace land2="JM" if ieland==5352 
replace land2="MX" if ieland==5354 
replace land2="NI" if ieland==5356 
replace land2="PA" if ieland==5358  
replace land2="PY" if ieland==5364  
replace land2="PE" if ieland==5366  
replace land2="SV" if ieland==5372  
replace land2="TT" if ieland==5374  
replace land2="UY" if ieland==5376 
replace land2="US" if ieland==5390  
replace land2="VE" if ieland==5392 
replace land2="IO" if ieland==5395 
replace land2="YE" if ieland==5402  
replace land2="AE" if ieland==5403 
replace land2="AF" if ieland==5404 
replace land2="BH" if ieland==5406  
replace land2="BT" if ieland==5408  
replace land2="BD" if ieland==5410  
replace land2="BN" if ieland==5412 
replace land2="MM" if ieland==5414  
replace land2="KH" if ieland==5416  
replace land2="LK" if ieland==5418  
replace land2="CY" if ieland==5422  
replace land2="TW" if ieland==5424  
replace land2="IN" if ieland==5432  
replace land2="ID" if ieland==5434  
replace land2="ID" if ieland==5435
replace land2="IQ" if ieland==5436  
replace land2="IR" if ieland==5438  
replace land2="IL" if ieland==5442  
replace land2="JP" if ieland==5444 
replace land2="JO" if ieland==5446  
replace land2="CN" if ieland==5448 
replace land2="KW" if ieland==5452 
replace land2="LA" if ieland==5454  
replace land2="LB" if ieland==5456 
replace land2="MV" if ieland==5457  
replace land2="MY" if ieland==5458  
replace land2="MN" if ieland==5459  
replace land2="OM" if ieland==5462  
replace land2="NP" if ieland==5464 
replace land2="KP" if ieland==5466  
replace land2="VN" if ieland==5468 
replace land2="PK"  if ieland==5472  
replace land2="PH" if ieland==5474 
replace land2="SA" if ieland==5478 
replace land2="SG" if ieland==5482 
replace land2="KR" if ieland==5484 
replace land2="SY" if ieland==5486  
replace land2="VN" if ieland==5488  
replace land2="TH" if ieland==5492  
replace land2="QA" if ieland==5496  
replace land2="AU" if ieland==5502  
replace land2="TO" if ieland==5505  
replace land2="FJ" if ieland==5508  
replace land2="NZ" if ieland==5514  
replace land2="US" if ieland==5522 
replace land2="DJ" if ieland==5525  
replace land2="BZ" if ieland==5526  
replace land2="PG" if ieland==5534  
replace land2="EE" if ieland==5607 
replace land2="LV" if ieland==5609 
replace land2="LT" if ieland==5611  
replace land2="ST" if ieland==5621 
replace land2="SB" if ieland==5623 
replace land2="KN" if ieland==5625 
replace land2="RU" if ieland==5700 
replace land2="UA" if ieland==5704  
replace land2="BY" if ieland==5706  
replace land2="AM" if ieland==5708 
replace land2="AZ" if ieland==5710  
replace land2="MD" if ieland==5712 
replace land2="UZ" if ieland==5714 
replace land2="KZ" if ieland==5716 
replace land2="TM" if ieland==5718 
replace land2="KG" if ieland==5720 
replace land2="TJ" if ieland==5722 
replace land2="GE" if ieland==5724 
replace land2="HR" if ieland==5750 
replace land2="SI" if ieland==5752 
replace land2="BA" if ieland==5754
replace land2="MK" if ieland==5756 
replace land2="CS" if ieland==5757 
replace land2="CS" if ieland==5758 
replace land2="CS" if ieland==5759 
replace land2="RS" if ieland==5761 
replace land2="CZ" if ieland==5776  
replace land2="SK" if ieland==5778 
replace land2="NZ" if ieland==5779 
replace land2="VN"  if ieland==5901
replace land2="FO" if ieland==5902


replace land2="FR" if land2=="MC"	
replace land2="FR" if land2=="GF"
replace land2="FR" if land2=="YT"
replace land2="FR" if land2=="MQ"
replace land2="FR" if land2=="RE"
replace land2="FR" if land2=="GP"
replace land2="BE" if land2=="LU"
replace land2="RS" if land2=="ME"
replace land2="RS" if land2=="HR"
replace land2="RS" if land2=="SI"
replace land2="RS" if land2=="MK"
replace land2="RS" if land2=="CS"
replace land2="RS" if land2=="XS"
replace land2="RS" if land2=="XK"
replace land2="RS" if land2=="BA"
replace land2="RS" if land2=="YU"
replace land2="ZR" if land2=="CD"
replace land2="ES" if land2=="AD"
replace land2="ES" if land2=="GI"
replace land2="ES" if land2=="EA"
replace land2="ES" if land2=="IC"
replace land2="ES" if land2=="XC"
replace land2="ES" if land2=="XL"
replace land2="GB" if land2=="UK"
replace land2="US" if land2=="UM"
replace land2="US" if land2=="PR"
replace land2="US" if land2=="VI"
replace land2="US" if land2=="AS"
replace land2="IT" if land2=="VA"
replace land2="IT" if land2=="SM"
replace land2="MA" if land2=="EH"
replace land2="CH" if land2=="LI"
replace land2="NO" if land2=="SJ"
replace land2="AR" if land2=="FK"
replace land2="TP" if land2=="TL"

rename land2 land

sort akom land year
save ${data}iv_off_alt5.dta, replace
restore


collapse s_hat, by(akom year)

sort akom year

save ${data}iv_off5.dta, replace





***************************NO-EU LOW SKILLED INSTRUMENT



***idapall_eer2 is constructed from merging different ida data modules 


use ${data}idapall_eer_1990.dta, clear


drop skill2 skill3

sort hfaudd

merge hfaudd using ${data}udd.dta
drop _merge

gen edu=substr(hffsp,1,2)
destring edu, replace

gen skill1=(edu==20 | edu==25 | edu==35| edu==40)
gen skill2=(edu==50 | edu==60 | edu==65 | edu==70)
gen skill3=1 if skill1==0 & skill2==0
replace skill3=1 if edu==.


****keep a plausible age range
keep if age>16 & age<67

rename opr_land ieland
rename ie_type  ietype

keep  cvrnr  age  pnr year  ieland ietype akom skill3 skill2 skill1 pstill
bysort pnr year: gen id=_n
keep if id==1


destring akom, replace

recode akom (171=240) (181=230) (189=190) (205=230) (207=190) (208=210) (209=250) (211=260) (213=270) (215=270) (221=260) (225=250) /*
*/ (227=210)  (229=250) (231=219)  (235=240) (237=240) (251=350) (255=265) (257=350) (261=350) /*
*/ (263=265) (267=259) (271=336) (301=326) (303=340) (305=306) (307=370) (309=326) (311=330) (313=320) (315=316) (317=326) (319=326) /*
*/ (321=316) (323=326) (325=330) (327=306) (331=330) (333=330) (335=340) (337=340) (339=316)  (341=316) (343=306) /*
*/ (345=316) (351=320) (353=370) (355=360) (357=370) (359=360) (361=390) (363=360) (365=390) (367=360) (369=376) /*
*/ (371=376) (373=370) (375=376) (377=390) (379=360) (381=360) (383=360) (385=320) (387=376) (389=336) (391=376) (393=370) (395=376) /*
*/ (397=390) (401=400) (403=400) (405=400) (407=400) (409=400) (421=420) (423=480) (425=430) (427=479) (429=410) (431=430) (433=420) (435=479) (433=420) (435=479) (437=420) (439=440) /*
*/ (441=440) (443=492) (445=410) (447=440) (449=450) (451=410) (471=480) (473=430) (475=482) (477=430) (481=482) (483=480) (485=420) /*
*/ (487=482) (489=450) (491=420) (493=492) (495=450) (497=430) (499=420) (501=540) (503=580) (505=550) (507=540)  /*
*/ (511=510) (513=540) (515=510)  (517=550) (519=580) (521=550) (523=540) (527=575) (529=580) /*
*/ (531=550) (533=540) (535=540) (537=540) (539=580) (541=550) (543=510) (545=580) (551=530) (553=573) (555=573) (557=561) (559=575) (565=530) /*
*/ (567=561) (567=573) (569=575) (571=561) (577=573)  (603=630)  (609=615) (611=630) (613=766) (617=630) /*
*/ (619=766) (623=621) (625=756)  (629=621) (631=630) (651=657) (653=756) (655=760) (657=760) (659=760) (663=756) (667=760) (669=760) /*
*/ (673=665) (675=671) (677=657) (679=661) (681=760) (683=661) (685=657) (701=706) (703=746) (705=740) (709=710) (711=710) (713=710) (715=746) /*
*/  (721=706) (723=730) (725=707) (729=730) (731=730) (733=706) (735=707) (737=746) (739=706) (743=740) /*
*/ (745=746)  (749=740) (761=791) (763=791) (765=787) (767=710) (769=791) (771=740) (775=791) (777=779) (781=779) /*
*/ (783=779) (785=787)  (789=791)  (801=846) (803=849) (805=810) (807=810) (809=820) (811=849) (815=846) (817=851) /*
*/ (819=860) (821=860) (823=846) (827=820) (829=860) (831=851)  (835=849) (837=851) (839=860)  (841=813) (843=840) (845=840) (847=813) /*
*/ (861=820) if year<2006

**** 11 old municipalities (233, 509, 525, 601, 605, 627, 717, 719, 747, 793, 833)
***** were split into more municipalities: recode by exploiting the fact that dataset firm contains from 1998 on both the old and the new municipality kode, named
*****respectively GF_KOM_KODE and GF_KOM_KODE_2

destring cvrnr, replace
sort cvrnr year 
merge cvrnr year using ${data}akom2.dta 
drop _merge

bysort cvrnr: egen kom_ny=min( GF_KOM_KODE_2)

replace akom=kom_ny if (akom==233 | akom== 509 | akom==525 | akom==601 | akom== 605 | akom==627 | akom==717 | akom== 719 | akom==747 | akom==793 | akom== 833)


recode akom (147=101)


***drop those firms for which the municipality code cannot be identified

drop if akom==.


destring ieland, replace


bysort akom: gen P_m88=_N
drop if (skill2==1)
bysort ieland: gen F_c88=_N 
bysort ieland akom: gen F_cm88=_N  
replace  F_cm88=. if ietype=="1" | (ieland==5126 | ieland==5130 | ieland==5180 | ieland==5134 | ieland==5142 | ieland==5150 | ieland==5108 | ieland==5140 | /*
*/ ieland==5156 | ieland==5164 | ieland==5170  | ieland==5182 | ieland==5104 | ieland==5120 ) 



gen s_cm88=F_cm88/F_c88
replace  s_cm88=0 if  s_cm88==.

collapse s_cm88 P_m88, by(akom ieland)

sort  akom ieland

save ${data}share_1990_no_eu_off_ls.dta, replace


***calculate the current stock as in Peri and Foged (2013)


*******idapall3a is the matched employer-employee data with a few sample selection criteria (created from SAS file merging firm and IDA)
use ${data}idapall3a.dta, clear

sort pnr year

merge pnr year using ${data}ie_type.dta

keep if _merge==3

drop _merge

rename opr_land ieland

rename ie_type  ietype




****keep a plausible age range
keep if age>16 & age<67

sort hfaudd

merge hfaudd using ${data}udd.dta
drop _merge

gen edu=substr(hffsp,1,2)
destring edu, replace

gen skill1=(edu==20 | edu==25 | edu==35| edu==40)
gen skill2=(edu==50 | edu==60 | edu==65 | edu==70)
gen skill3=1 if skill1==0 & skill2==0
replace skill3=1 if edu==.


sort pnr year
merge pnr year using ${data}pstill.dta
keep if _merge==3
drop _merge

keep  akom cvrnr year ieland ietype skill1 skill2 skill3 pstill


destring akom, replace

recode akom (171=240) (181=230) (189=190) (205=230) (207=190) (208=210) (209=250) (211=260) (213=270) (215=270) (221=260) (225=250) /*
*/ (227=210)  (229=250) (231=219)  (235=240) (237=240) (251=350) (255=265) (257=350) (261=350) /*
*/ (263=265) (267=259) (271=336) (301=326) (303=340) (305=306) (307=370) (309=326) (311=330) (313=320) (315=316) (317=326) (319=326) /*
*/ (321=316) (323=326) (325=330) (327=306) (331=330) (333=330) (335=340) (337=340) (339=316)  (341=316) (343=306) /*
*/ (345=316) (351=320) (353=370) (355=360) (357=370) (359=360) (361=390) (363=360) (365=390) (367=360) (369=376) /*
*/ (371=376) (373=370) (375=376) (377=390) (379=360) (381=360) (383=360) (385=320) (387=376) (389=336) (391=376) (393=370) (395=376) /*
*/ (397=390) (401=400) (403=400) (405=400) (407=400) (409=400) (421=420) (423=480) (425=430) (427=479) (429=410) (431=430) (433=420) (435=479) (433=420) (435=479) (437=420) (439=440) /*
*/ (441=440) (443=492) (445=410) (447=440) (449=450) (451=410) (471=480) (473=430) (475=482) (477=430) (481=482) (483=480) (485=420) /*
*/ (487=482) (489=450) (491=420) (493=492) (495=450) (497=430) (499=420) (501=540) (503=580) (505=550) (507=540)  /*
*/ (511=510) (513=540) (515=510)  (517=550) (519=580) (521=550) (523=540) (527=575) (529=580) /*
*/ (531=550) (533=540) (535=540) (537=540) (539=580) (541=550) (543=510) (545=580) (551=530) (553=573) (555=573) (557=561) (559=575) (565=530) /*
*/ (567=561) (567=573) (569=575) (571=561) (577=573)  (603=630)  (609=615) (611=630) (613=766) (617=630) /*
*/ (619=766) (623=621) (625=756)  (629=621) (631=630) (651=657) (653=756) (655=760) (657=760) (659=760) (663=756) (667=760) (669=760) /*
*/ (673=665) (675=671) (677=657) (679=661) (681=760) (683=661) (685=657) (701=706) (703=746) (705=740) (709=710) (711=710) (713=710) (715=746) /*
*/  (721=706) (723=730) (725=707) (729=730) (731=730) (733=706) (735=707) (737=746) (739=706) (743=740) /*
*/ (745=746)  (749=740) (761=791) (763=791) (765=787) (767=710) (769=791) (771=740) (775=791) (777=779) (781=779) /*
*/ (783=779) (785=787)  (789=791)  (801=846) (803=849) (805=810) (807=810) (809=820) (811=849) (815=846) (817=851) /*
*/ (819=860) (821=860) (823=846) (827=820) (829=860) (831=851)  (835=849) (837=851) (839=860)  (841=813) (843=840) (845=840) (847=813) /*
*/ (861=820) if year<2006

**** 11 old municipalities (233, 509, 525, 601, 605, 627, 717, 719, 747, 793, 833)
***** were split into more municipalities: recode by exploiting the fact that dataset firm contains from 1998 on both the old and the new municipality kode, named
*****respectively GF_KOM_KODE and GF_KOM_KODE_2

destring cvrnr, replace
sort cvrnr year 
merge cvrnr year using ${data}akom2.dta 
drop _merge

bysort cvrnr: egen kom_ny=min( GF_KOM_KODE_2)

replace akom=kom_ny if (akom==233 | akom== 509 | akom==525 | akom==601 | akom== 605 | akom==627 | akom==717 | akom== 719 | akom==747 | akom==793 | akom== 833)


recode akom (147=101)


***drop those firms for which the municipality code cannot be identified

drop if akom==.


destring ieland, replace


drop if (skill2==1)

bysort ieland year: gen F_ct=_N 

replace  F_ct=. if ietype=="1" | (ieland==5126 | ieland==5130 | ieland==5180 | ieland==5134 | ieland==5142 | ieland==5150 | ieland==5108 | ieland==5140 | /*
*/ ieland==5156 | ieland==5164 | ieland==5170  | ieland==5182 | ieland==5104 | ieland==5120 )


collapse F_ct, by(ieland akom year)

destring ieland, replace


sort  akom ieland

merge  akom ieland using ${data}share_1990_no_eu_off_ls.dta

keep if _merge==3

drop if year==2012

drop _merge

gen F_hat_cmt=s_cm88*F_ct


bysort akom year: egen F_hat_no_eu=total(F_hat_cmt)
replace  F_hat_no_eu=0 if F_hat_no_eu==.
gen s_hat=F_hat_no_eu/P_m88


collapse s_hat, by(akom year)

sort akom year

save ${data}iv_off_ls5.dta, replace



**REFUGEES PLUS NEW EU

********************************NON-EU INSTRUMENT*********************************************************

***idapall_eer2 is constructed from merging different ida data modules 


use ${data}idapall_eer_1990.dta, clear


****keep a plausible age range
keep if age>16 & age<67

rename opr_land ieland
rename ie_type  ietype

keep  cvrnr  age  pnr year  ieland ietype akom
bysort pnr year: gen id=_n
keep if id==1


destring akom, replace

recode akom (171=240) (181=230) (189=190) (205=230) (207=190) (208=210) (209=250) (211=260) (213=270) (215=270) (221=260) (225=250) /*
*/ (227=210)  (229=250) (231=219)  (235=240) (237=240) (251=350) (255=265) (257=350) (261=350) /*
*/ (263=265) (267=259) (271=336) (301=326) (303=340) (305=306) (307=370) (309=326) (311=330) (313=320) (315=316) (317=326) (319=326) /*
*/ (321=316) (323=326) (325=330) (327=306) (331=330) (333=330) (335=340) (337=340) (339=316)  (341=316) (343=306) /*
*/ (345=316) (351=320) (353=370) (355=360) (357=370) (359=360) (361=390) (363=360) (365=390) (367=360) (369=376) /*
*/ (371=376) (373=370) (375=376) (377=390) (379=360) (381=360) (383=360) (385=320) (387=376) (389=336) (391=376) (393=370) (395=376) /*
*/ (397=390) (401=400) (403=400) (405=400) (407=400) (409=400) (421=420) (423=480) (425=430) (427=479) (429=410) (431=430) (433=420) (435=479) (433=420) (435=479) (437=420) (439=440) /*
*/ (441=440) (443=492) (445=410) (447=440) (449=450) (451=410) (471=480) (473=430) (475=482) (477=430) (481=482) (483=480) (485=420) /*
*/ (487=482) (489=450) (491=420) (493=492) (495=450) (497=430) (499=420) (501=540) (503=580) (505=550) (507=540)  /*
*/ (511=510) (513=540) (515=510)  (517=550) (519=580) (521=550) (523=540) (527=575) (529=580) /*
*/ (531=550) (533=540) (535=540) (537=540) (539=580) (541=550) (543=510) (545=580) (551=530) (553=573) (555=573) (557=561) (559=575) (565=530) /*
*/ (567=561) (567=573) (569=575) (571=561) (577=573)  (603=630)  (609=615) (611=630) (613=766) (617=630) /*
*/ (619=766) (623=621) (625=756)  (629=621) (631=630) (651=657) (653=756) (655=760) (657=760) (659=760) (663=756) (667=760) (669=760) /*
*/ (673=665) (675=671) (677=657) (679=661) (681=760) (683=661) (685=657) (701=706) (703=746) (705=740) (709=710) (711=710) (713=710) (715=746) /*
*/  (721=706) (723=730) (725=707) (729=730) (731=730) (733=706) (735=707) (737=746) (739=706) (743=740) /*
*/ (745=746)  (749=740) (761=791) (763=791) (765=787) (767=710) (769=791) (771=740) (775=791) (777=779) (781=779) /*
*/ (783=779) (785=787)  (789=791)  (801=846) (803=849) (805=810) (807=810) (809=820) (811=849) (815=846) (817=851) /*
*/ (819=860) (821=860) (823=846) (827=820) (829=860) (831=851)  (835=849) (837=851) (839=860)  (841=813) (843=840) (845=840) (847=813) /*
*/ (861=820) if year<2006

**** 11 old municipalities (233, 509, 525, 601, 605, 627, 717, 719, 747, 793, 833)
***** were split into more municipalities: recode by exploiting the fact that dataset firm contains from 1998 on both the old and the new municipality kode, named
*****respectively GF_KOM_KODE and GF_KOM_KODE_2

destring cvrnr, replace
sort cvrnr year 
merge cvrnr year using ${data}akom2.dta 
drop _merge

bysort cvrnr: egen kom_ny=min( GF_KOM_KODE_2)

replace akom=kom_ny if (akom==233 | akom== 509 | akom==525 | akom==601 | akom== 605 | akom==627 | akom==717 | akom== 719 | akom==747 | akom==793 | akom== 833)


recode akom (147=101)


***drop those firms for which the municipality code cannot be identified

drop if akom==.


destring ieland, replace

gen noref=(ieland!=5436 &  ieland!=5438 & ieland!=5289 & ieland!=5488 & ieland!=5418 & ieland!=5404 & ieland!=5152 & /*
*/ ieland!=5129  & ieland!=5456 & ieland!=5607 & ieland!=5174 & ieland!=5609 /*
*/  & ieland!=5611 & ieland!=5154 & ieland!=5778 & ieland!=5752 & ieland!=5422 & ieland!=5153 & ieland!=5128 & ieland!=5158)


bysort akom: gen P_m88=_N
bysort ieland: gen F_c88=_N 
bysort ieland akom: gen F_cm88=_N 
replace  F_cm88=. if noref==1

gen s_cm88=F_cm88/F_c88
replace  s_cm88=0 if  s_cm88==.

collapse s_cm88 P_m88, by(akom ieland)

sort  akom ieland

save ${data}share_1990_no_eu_off.dta, replace


*******idapall3a is the matched employer-employee data with a few sample selection criteria (created from SAS file merging firm and IDA)
use ${data}idapall3a.dta, clear

sort pnr year

merge pnr year using ${data}ie_type.dta

keep if _merge==3

drop _merge

rename opr_land ieland

rename ie_type  ietype


****keep a plausible age range
keep if age>16 & age<67



keep  akom cvrnr year ieland ietype


destring akom, replace

recode akom (171=240) (181=230) (189=190) (205=230) (207=190) (208=210) (209=250) (211=260) (213=270) (215=270) (221=260) (225=250) /*
*/ (227=210)  (229=250) (231=219)  (235=240) (237=240) (251=350) (255=265) (257=350) (261=350) /*
*/ (263=265) (267=259) (271=336) (301=326) (303=340) (305=306) (307=370) (309=326) (311=330) (313=320) (315=316) (317=326) (319=326) /*
*/ (321=316) (323=326) (325=330) (327=306) (331=330) (333=330) (335=340) (337=340) (339=316)  (341=316) (343=306) /*
*/ (345=316) (351=320) (353=370) (355=360) (357=370) (359=360) (361=390) (363=360) (365=390) (367=360) (369=376) /*
*/ (371=376) (373=370) (375=376) (377=390) (379=360) (381=360) (383=360) (385=320) (387=376) (389=336) (391=376) (393=370) (395=376) /*
*/ (397=390) (401=400) (403=400) (405=400) (407=400) (409=400) (421=420) (423=480) (425=430) (427=479) (429=410) (431=430) (433=420) (435=479) (433=420) (435=479) (437=420) (439=440) /*
*/ (441=440) (443=492) (445=410) (447=440) (449=450) (451=410) (471=480) (473=430) (475=482) (477=430) (481=482) (483=480) (485=420) /*
*/ (487=482) (489=450) (491=420) (493=492) (495=450) (497=430) (499=420) (501=540) (503=580) (505=550) (507=540)  /*
*/ (511=510) (513=540) (515=510)  (517=550) (519=580) (521=550) (523=540) (527=575) (529=580) /*
*/ (531=550) (533=540) (535=540) (537=540) (539=580) (541=550) (543=510) (545=580) (551=530) (553=573) (555=573) (557=561) (559=575) (565=530) /*
*/ (567=561) (567=573) (569=575) (571=561) (577=573)  (603=630)  (609=615) (611=630) (613=766) (617=630) /*
*/ (619=766) (623=621) (625=756)  (629=621) (631=630) (651=657) (653=756) (655=760) (657=760) (659=760) (663=756) (667=760) (669=760) /*
*/ (673=665) (675=671) (677=657) (679=661) (681=760) (683=661) (685=657) (701=706) (703=746) (705=740) (709=710) (711=710) (713=710) (715=746) /*
*/  (721=706) (723=730) (725=707) (729=730) (731=730) (733=706) (735=707) (737=746) (739=706) (743=740) /*
*/ (745=746)  (749=740) (761=791) (763=791) (765=787) (767=710) (769=791) (771=740) (775=791) (777=779) (781=779) /*
*/ (783=779) (785=787)  (789=791)  (801=846) (803=849) (805=810) (807=810) (809=820) (811=849) (815=846) (817=851) /*
*/ (819=860) (821=860) (823=846) (827=820) (829=860) (831=851)  (835=849) (837=851) (839=860)  (841=813) (843=840) (845=840) (847=813) /*
*/ (861=820) if year<2006

**** 11 old municipalities (233, 509, 525, 601, 605, 627, 717, 719, 747, 793, 833)
***** were split into more municipalities: recode by exploiting the fact that dataset firm contains from 1998 on both the old and the new municipality kode, named
*****respectively GF_KOM_KODE and GF_KOM_KODE_2

destring cvrnr, replace
sort cvrnr year 
merge cvrnr year using ${data}akom2.dta 
drop _merge

bysort cvrnr: egen kom_ny=min( GF_KOM_KODE_2)

replace akom=kom_ny if (akom==233 | akom== 509 | akom==525 | akom==601 | akom== 605 | akom==627 | akom==717 | akom== 719 | akom==747 | akom==793 | akom== 833)


recode akom (147=101)


***drop those firms for which the municipality code cannot be identified

drop if akom==.

destring ieland, replace


bysort ieland year: gen F_ct=_N 

collapse F_ct, by(ieland akom year)


destring ieland, replace


gen noref=(ieland!=5436 &  ieland!=5438 & ieland!=5289 & ieland!=5488 & ieland!=5418 & ieland!=5404 & ieland!=5152 & /*
*/ ieland!=5129  & ieland!=5456 & ieland!=5607 & ieland!=5174 & ieland!=5609 /*
*/  & ieland!=5611 & ieland!=5154 & ieland!=5778 & ieland!=5752 & ieland!=5422 & ieland!=5153 & ieland!=5128 & ieland!=5158)



replace  F_ct=. if noref==1

sort  akom ieland

merge  akom ieland using ${data}share_1990_no_eu_off.dta

keep if _merge==3

drop if year==2012

drop _merge

gen F_hat_cmt=s_cm88*F_ct


bysort akom year: egen F_hat_no_eu=total(F_hat_cmt)
replace  F_hat_no_eu=0 if F_hat_no_eu==.
gen s_hat=F_hat_no_eu/P_m88


collapse s_hat, by(akom year)
sort akom year
save ${data}iv_off_refneu.dta, replace





**REFUGEES


********************************NON-EU INSTRUMENT*********************************************************

***idapall_eer2 is constructed from merging different ida data modules 


use ${data}idapall_eer_1990.dta, clear


****keep a plausible age range
keep if age>16 & age<67

rename opr_land ieland
rename ie_type  ietype

keep  cvrnr  age  pnr year  ieland ietype akom
bysort pnr year: gen id=_n
keep if id==1


destring akom, replace

recode akom (171=240) (181=230) (189=190) (205=230) (207=190) (208=210) (209=250) (211=260) (213=270) (215=270) (221=260) (225=250) /*
*/ (227=210)  (229=250) (231=219)  (235=240) (237=240) (251=350) (255=265) (257=350) (261=350) /*
*/ (263=265) (267=259) (271=336) (301=326) (303=340) (305=306) (307=370) (309=326) (311=330) (313=320) (315=316) (317=326) (319=326) /*
*/ (321=316) (323=326) (325=330) (327=306) (331=330) (333=330) (335=340) (337=340) (339=316)  (341=316) (343=306) /*
*/ (345=316) (351=320) (353=370) (355=360) (357=370) (359=360) (361=390) (363=360) (365=390) (367=360) (369=376) /*
*/ (371=376) (373=370) (375=376) (377=390) (379=360) (381=360) (383=360) (385=320) (387=376) (389=336) (391=376) (393=370) (395=376) /*
*/ (397=390) (401=400) (403=400) (405=400) (407=400) (409=400) (421=420) (423=480) (425=430) (427=479) (429=410) (431=430) (433=420) (435=479) (433=420) (435=479) (437=420) (439=440) /*
*/ (441=440) (443=492) (445=410) (447=440) (449=450) (451=410) (471=480) (473=430) (475=482) (477=430) (481=482) (483=480) (485=420) /*
*/ (487=482) (489=450) (491=420) (493=492) (495=450) (497=430) (499=420) (501=540) (503=580) (505=550) (507=540)  /*
*/ (511=510) (513=540) (515=510)  (517=550) (519=580) (521=550) (523=540) (527=575) (529=580) /*
*/ (531=550) (533=540) (535=540) (537=540) (539=580) (541=550) (543=510) (545=580) (551=530) (553=573) (555=573) (557=561) (559=575) (565=530) /*
*/ (567=561) (567=573) (569=575) (571=561) (577=573)  (603=630)  (609=615) (611=630) (613=766) (617=630) /*
*/ (619=766) (623=621) (625=756)  (629=621) (631=630) (651=657) (653=756) (655=760) (657=760) (659=760) (663=756) (667=760) (669=760) /*
*/ (673=665) (675=671) (677=657) (679=661) (681=760) (683=661) (685=657) (701=706) (703=746) (705=740) (709=710) (711=710) (713=710) (715=746) /*
*/  (721=706) (723=730) (725=707) (729=730) (731=730) (733=706) (735=707) (737=746) (739=706) (743=740) /*
*/ (745=746)  (749=740) (761=791) (763=791) (765=787) (767=710) (769=791) (771=740) (775=791) (777=779) (781=779) /*
*/ (783=779) (785=787)  (789=791)  (801=846) (803=849) (805=810) (807=810) (809=820) (811=849) (815=846) (817=851) /*
*/ (819=860) (821=860) (823=846) (827=820) (829=860) (831=851)  (835=849) (837=851) (839=860)  (841=813) (843=840) (845=840) (847=813) /*
*/ (861=820) if year<2006

**** 11 old municipalities (233, 509, 525, 601, 605, 627, 717, 719, 747, 793, 833)
***** were split into more municipalities: recode by exploiting the fact that dataset firm contains from 1998 on both the old and the new municipality kode, named
*****respectively GF_KOM_KODE and GF_KOM_KODE_2

destring cvrnr, replace
sort cvrnr year 
merge cvrnr year using ${data}akom2.dta 
drop _merge

bysort cvrnr: egen kom_ny=min( GF_KOM_KODE_2)

replace akom=kom_ny if (akom==233 | akom== 509 | akom==525 | akom==601 | akom== 605 | akom==627 | akom==717 | akom== 719 | akom==747 | akom==793 | akom== 833)


recode akom (147=101)


***drop those firms for which the municipality code cannot be identified

drop if akom==.


tostring ieland, replace



gen ref= (ieland=="5436" | ieland=="5438" | ieland=="5289" | ieland=="5488" | ieland=="5418" | ieland=="5404" | ieland=="5152" /*
*/ | ieland=="5456")



bysort akom: gen P_m88=_N
bysort ieland: gen F_c88=_N 
bysort ieland akom: gen F_cm88=_N 
replace  F_cm88=. if ref==0

gen s_cm88=F_cm88/F_c88
replace  s_cm88=0 if  s_cm88==.

collapse s_cm88 P_m88, by(akom ieland)

sort  akom ieland

save ${data}share_1990_no_eu_off.dta, replace


*******idapall3a is the matched employer-employee data with a few sample selection criteria (created from SAS file merging firm and IDA)
use ${data}idapall3a.dta, clear

sort pnr year

merge pnr year using ${data}ie_type.dta

keep if _merge==3

drop _merge

rename opr_land ieland

rename ie_type  ietype


****keep a plausible age range
keep if age>16 & age<67



keep  akom cvrnr year ieland ietype


destring akom, replace

recode akom (171=240) (181=230) (189=190) (205=230) (207=190) (208=210) (209=250) (211=260) (213=270) (215=270) (221=260) (225=250) /*
*/ (227=210)  (229=250) (231=219)  (235=240) (237=240) (251=350) (255=265) (257=350) (261=350) /*
*/ (263=265) (267=259) (271=336) (301=326) (303=340) (305=306) (307=370) (309=326) (311=330) (313=320) (315=316) (317=326) (319=326) /*
*/ (321=316) (323=326) (325=330) (327=306) (331=330) (333=330) (335=340) (337=340) (339=316)  (341=316) (343=306) /*
*/ (345=316) (351=320) (353=370) (355=360) (357=370) (359=360) (361=390) (363=360) (365=390) (367=360) (369=376) /*
*/ (371=376) (373=370) (375=376) (377=390) (379=360) (381=360) (383=360) (385=320) (387=376) (389=336) (391=376) (393=370) (395=376) /*
*/ (397=390) (401=400) (403=400) (405=400) (407=400) (409=400) (421=420) (423=480) (425=430) (427=479) (429=410) (431=430) (433=420) (435=479) (433=420) (435=479) (437=420) (439=440) /*
*/ (441=440) (443=492) (445=410) (447=440) (449=450) (451=410) (471=480) (473=430) (475=482) (477=430) (481=482) (483=480) (485=420) /*
*/ (487=482) (489=450) (491=420) (493=492) (495=450) (497=430) (499=420) (501=540) (503=580) (505=550) (507=540)  /*
*/ (511=510) (513=540) (515=510)  (517=550) (519=580) (521=550) (523=540) (527=575) (529=580) /*
*/ (531=550) (533=540) (535=540) (537=540) (539=580) (541=550) (543=510) (545=580) (551=530) (553=573) (555=573) (557=561) (559=575) (565=530) /*
*/ (567=561) (567=573) (569=575) (571=561) (577=573)  (603=630)  (609=615) (611=630) (613=766) (617=630) /*
*/ (619=766) (623=621) (625=756)  (629=621) (631=630) (651=657) (653=756) (655=760) (657=760) (659=760) (663=756) (667=760) (669=760) /*
*/ (673=665) (675=671) (677=657) (679=661) (681=760) (683=661) (685=657) (701=706) (703=746) (705=740) (709=710) (711=710) (713=710) (715=746) /*
*/  (721=706) (723=730) (725=707) (729=730) (731=730) (733=706) (735=707) (737=746) (739=706) (743=740) /*
*/ (745=746)  (749=740) (761=791) (763=791) (765=787) (767=710) (769=791) (771=740) (775=791) (777=779) (781=779) /*
*/ (783=779) (785=787)  (789=791)  (801=846) (803=849) (805=810) (807=810) (809=820) (811=849) (815=846) (817=851) /*
*/ (819=860) (821=860) (823=846) (827=820) (829=860) (831=851)  (835=849) (837=851) (839=860)  (841=813) (843=840) (845=840) (847=813) /*
*/ (861=820) if year<2006

**** 11 old municipalities (233, 509, 525, 601, 605, 627, 717, 719, 747, 793, 833)
***** were split into more municipalities: recode by exploiting the fact that dataset firm contains from 1998 on both the old and the new municipality kode, named
*****respectively GF_KOM_KODE and GF_KOM_KODE_2

destring cvrnr, replace
sort cvrnr year 
merge cvrnr year using ${data}akom2.dta 
drop _merge

bysort cvrnr: egen kom_ny=min( GF_KOM_KODE_2)

replace akom=kom_ny if (akom==233 | akom== 509 | akom==525 | akom==601 | akom== 605 | akom==627 | akom==717 | akom== 719 | akom==747 | akom==793 | akom== 833)


recode akom (147=101)


***drop those firms for which the municipality code cannot be identified

drop if akom==.



tostring ieland, replace

bysort ieland year: gen F_ct=_N 

collapse F_ct, by(ieland akom year)


gen ref= (ieland=="5436" | ieland=="5438" | ieland=="5289" | ieland=="5488" | ieland=="5418" | ieland=="5404" | ieland=="5152" /*
*/ | ieland=="5456")


replace  F_ct=. if ref==0

sort  akom ieland

merge  akom ieland using ${data}share_1990_no_eu_off.dta

keep if _merge==3

drop if year==2012

drop _merge

gen F_hat_cmt=s_cm88*F_ct


bysort akom year: egen F_hat_no_eu=total(F_hat_cmt)
replace  F_hat_no_eu=0 if F_hat_no_eu==.
gen s_hat=F_hat_no_eu/P_m88


collapse s_hat, by(akom year)
sort akom year
save ${data}iv_off_refneu2.dta, replace


